INFORMATION CLONING
by
Ion IVAN, Marius POPA, Sergiu CAPISIZU, Lukacs BREDA

Contents

1.	Introduction 	5	
2.	Cloning processes 	9	
2.1.	Programmes, modules, procedures	9	
2.2.	Macrodefinitions and procedures	11	
2.3.	The integration of reutilizable components	14	
2.4.	The redundancy from programmes	16	
2.5.	Software reutilization	17	
2.6.	The characteristics of cloning	20	
3.	The files orthogonality  	25	
3.1.	Files	25	
3.2.	The data diversity 	27	
3.3.	The concept of  elements orthogonality	27	
3.4.	Indicators of the differences measured between the procedures 	32	
3.5.	The software structure for the qualitative analysis of the new elements included in databases 	39	
4.	The software cloning 	41	
4.1.	The emphasizing of the informatic cloning 	41	
4.2.	The copying of files 	42	
4.3.	The conversion of files 	45	
4.4.	The translation of the source files 	47	
4.5.	Transformations on source text	49	
4.6.	The reorganization of the programmes 	56	
4.7.	The modification of the used data structures 	63	
4.8.	The homogenization of  the types of functions	65	
4.9.	The effects of cloning on the complexity of the programmes 	68	
5.	The data cloning 	71	
5.1.	Applications of the databases 	71	
5.2.	The administration of the contracts 	73	
5.3.	Integral cloning 	74	
5.4.	Database structure cloning  	76	
5.5.	Partial cloning of the database structure 	77	
5.6.	Database cloning with table adding  	78	
6.	The cloning of the interfaces human - computer 	81	
6.1.The concept of  interface human - computer	81	
6.2.Technologies for the development of the interface human - computer	81	
6.3. The diversity of the interface human - computer	84	
6.4. The orientation of the informatic cloning towards the user	86	
6.5. Techniques and methods used in the cloning of the interfaces 	86	
6.6. The effects of cloning some adequate interfaces and metrics	89	
7.	Legal aspects of the informatic cloning 	93	
7.1.	Legal protection of the computer programmes and of the databases 	93	
7.2.	Ways of increasing the efficiency in fighting against the unauthorized informatic cloning 	102	
7.3.	The ethical code of the programmer	105	
7.4.	The ethical code of the user	107	
8.	Metrics of the cloning 	117	
8.1.	The concept of metric used in informatic applications	117	
8.2.	Metrics of the orthogonality of the C++ source files 	120	
8.3.	The mark of the programme	142	
8.4.	Metrics of the orthogonality of the two-dimensional arrays	151	
8.5.	The matrix of precedences	154	
8.6.	The matrix of dependences	157	
9. Other aspects of the cloning	163	
      9.1 The adminstration of informatic clones	163	
      9.2 Economical effects of informatic cloning	165	
      9.3 Instruments for the  identification of clones	167	
10. Conclusions	175	
Bibliography	177	
Annex – List of acronyms	183